printf() function
printf()
function is used to display formatted output on the screen. The general form of
printf() function is as follows:
printf(<Control
string>,var1,var2,…varn) ;
Where,
control string may contain the format specifiers, strings or combination of
both. For now, the format specifiers may be
%d :
for integers.
%f :
for floats.
%c :
for characters.
%s :
for strings.
var1,var2,…varn are
variables of type ints, floats, chars or strings (we will study the primary data
types and their usages in the chapter “Data types” later on ).
String is a group of
characters included in “” (double quotation marks). The characters may
uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters. Examples of
strings are:
“Hello everybody…”
“1 gallon=4.53 liters.”
etc.
Points
to be noted about printf()
In control string there can be only
string without any format specifiers.
E.g. printf(“Enter your height:”);
List of variables (i.e.
var1,var2,..varn) can be dropped from printf().
E.g. printf(“Bhayyaji smile !!”);
No special symbol before variable
name is required unlike “&” symbol in scanf() function.
scanf()
function
scanf() function is
used to receive the values from the keyboard. By using scanf(), we can create
an interactive programs. The general form of scanf() function is as follows:
scanf(<control
string>,&var1,&var2,…&varn);
Where, format string
may be either:
%d :
for integers.
%f :
for floats.
%c :
for characters.
%s :
for strings.
and var1,var2,…varn are variables of
type ints, floats, chars or strings.
Points
to be noted about scanf()
In scanf() we cannot include string into format string.
So,
scanf(“Enter age %d”,&age);
is illegal. The correct form would
be
scanf(“%d”,&age);
List of variables (i.e.
var1,var2,…varn) cannot be dropped from
scanf().
E.g. scanf(“%d%f%c”); is invalid
statement.
The correct form would be:
scanf(“%d%f%c”,&age,&salary,&code);
“&” symbol is required before
variable name. Note that for character
array or string, it is not necessary. So, it is up to you to add it or not.
E.g. scanf(“%f”,&radius); Note
the “&” symbol before variable name.
scanf(“%s”,empname);
Here empname is string so no “&”
symbol is required before variable name.
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