Closing
unwanted windows: After opening Turbo C editor, if you observe
that there are several unwanted programs opened on your screen, then first of
all, close them using following techniques.
Press ALT+W to invoke the Windows menu and then choose Close
all option or press hotkey e (The red color letter “e” in the
close all menu option.) This procedure will close all open windows on the
screen.
OR
You can close individual window by using Alt+F3
shortcut key combination.
Creating
new program file:
If you are using mouse (generally, in windows environment)
the click on the File menu and click on New option.
If you are keyboard lover then press ALT+F to popup the file
menu and then choose New. A new program window will
appear on the screen. Type the following code.
Program #1
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“One
who makes no mistakes never makes anything.” );
}
Warning: C is a case sensitive language,
therefore it is necessary to write programs in lowercase letters. Whereas
strings, symbolic constants, variables can be written in both uppercase and
lowercase letters or the combination of both.
So type the code exactly as written above. Note
that the only text i.e. string “One who
makes…” written in double quotation marks can be typed as you like.
Saving the program file:
To save the program file, you can use one of the
following methods:
Method 1:
Press ALT+F to popup the file menu and then choose Save option. Specify the filename, say “Prog1.c” after removing the default
file name and press Enter.
Method 2:
Press F2 function key to open save dialog box. Remove the default
filename using backspace key and then write a new name (E.g. Prog1.c).
Note that the filename should not be exceeding than
8 characters and all DOS filename rules are applicable.
Compiling the program
Before running a program directly, it is good idea
to compile it first. To compile the program use ALT+F9 function key or
press ALT+C to popup Compile menu.
Choose Compile option. Checkout the errors if any. If there are errors
in your program, don’t worry! Make sure that you have typed the exact code as
shown above. Also make sure that you have written the whole program in
lowercase letters (excluding text in “” marks.). After removing all errors,
save the program again by pressing F2. Your program is error free now!
Get ready to run your program!
Executing the
program
Using CTRL+F9 you can execute your
program. Or use ALT+R to evoke Run Menu.
From the Run menu, select Run option. No output? And you are
back in editor window?
What’s going wrong? Relax!! nothing’s gone wrong. Then what
happens?
Actually your program displays the output and suddenly come
back to TC editor. This happens in a flash, so you are not able to see the
output. Press ALT+F5 to display output screen. Congratulations!! you have
created your first C program and successfully execute it.
Understanding
the program
Now, watch carefully at our source code line by line.
Line 1: #include
<stdio.h>
Line 2: main()
Line 3: {
Line 4: printf(“One who makes no mistakes never
makes anything.” );
Line 5: }
Output:
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
One who makes no mistakes never
makes anything.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
Line 1: #include option is used to include the
file in our C program. In the above program we can include “stdio.h”, which is
header file inbuilt with Turbo C compiler and contains the definitions of
several standard library functions including printf(). Note that “f” in
printf() stands for formatted output. So, it is necessary to include each and
every file containing function definition of respective function in the
program.
Line 2-3: Indicates beginning of every C
program. main() is a special function. Remember that, execution of your program
always starts with main() function.
Line 4: It uses standard library function
printf(). To display the message on the screen. You can write this message in
uppercase, lowercase or combination of both. You can also include numbers and
special characters in the message.
Line 4: Indicates the end of C program.
So, it is
obvious that, C program is a collection of several functions. In our program,
we use printf() function to print the message on the screen. main() is also one
of the user defined function. Now, look at the following program:
Program #2
main()
{
}
What? Neither
#include statement, nor any functions, even there is no any statement in main()
! Surprising…! But it is absolutely valid. You can also write the above same
code in a single line. Like this.
main(){}
Remember that C is free
form language i.e. C has no specific rules for the position at which a
statement is to be written. Save the program, compile and run it. Obviously it will not produce any output,
nor it will give any errors.
So, now you can put your
name in “Limca Book of World Records” ! How? Because you have just written the
World’s smallest C program.
